Apoptosis de neutrófilos en la infección asintomática por el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22529/Palabras clave:
VIH, neutrófilos, apoptosis, infección asintomáticaResumen
En los últimos años se ha determinado que los neutrófilos son células altamente versátiles y sofisticadas, cuyas funciones van mucho más allá de la eliminación de los microorganismos. En la infección por VIH el papel de los neutrófilos no está totalmente caracterizado pero actualmente está claro que la relación entre los neutrófilos y el VIH-1 es mucho más compleja de lo que se pensaba. Los objetivos de esta Tesis fueron evaluar en pacientes con infección asintomática y sin TAR el efecto de la infección por VIH sobre la muerte celular de los neutrófilos, la expresión de moléculas y receptores de superficie y el nivel sérico de marcadores de activación inmune. En pacientes VIH seropositivos sin TAR hubo un aumento de la apoptosis temprana de los neutrófilos en relación a los grupos controles. Esta apoptosis aumentada no depende de la activación de la vía extrínseca o intrínseca. En estos pacientes se detectó una disminución de la expresión de CD62L y de CD16 en neutrófilos que se correlacionó con el estado inmunológico y el nivel de apoptosis de los neutrófilos. Además, se caracterizaron dos subpoblaciones de neutrófilos en base a la expresión de CD11b: una CD11balto y otra CD11bintermedia. Según la coexpresión de moléculas de superficie, se pudieron caracterizar dos subpoblaciones de neutrófilos: una CD11altoCD16alto y una CD11bintermedioCD16-. Por otro lado, hubo un aumento de la expresión de TLR2 que, unido a la expresión de moléculas de adhesión y al aumento de la apoptosis temprana, es indicativo de un fenotipo activado de los neutrófilos. Los niveles aumentados de IL-6 y de PCR-as, pero no los de TNF, se correlacionaron con la carga viral y el estado inmunológico. El nivel de apoptosis de los neutrófilos se correlacionó inversamente con los niveles séricos de IL-6. En conclusión, esta Tesis ha aportado información sobre distintos aspectos relacionados con la apoptosis de los neutrófilos en estadios tempranos de la infección por VIH y por lo tanto contribuye a una mayor comprensión sobre el efecto de este virus sobre componentes de la respuesta inmune innata y sobre el rol de los neutrófilos en la patogénesis de la infección.Descargas
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