Guerra a comisión: Libertad operativa, costo político y la mutación del orden internacional
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22529/sp.2026.67.05Palavras-chave:
Contratistas Militares Privados, Tercerización de la Violencia, Costo Político, Orden Internacional Liberal, Gobernanza Global, Re-privatización de la GuerraResumo
Este ensayo sostiene que la ampliación operativa de las “Private Military Companies” (PMC) no es un mero fenómeno técnico u aislado, sino una respuesta de las potencias que en orden de cumplir con sus respectivos objetivos estratégicos buscan maximizar su libertad de acción en el tablero global a un bajo costo político. Una vez entendido esto, la pregunta clave es:¿En qué medida la tercerización de la violencia organizada por parte de las grandes potencias funciona como mecanismo para reducir el costo político doméstico de intervenir y, simultáneamente, reconfigurar las normas e instituciones del Orden Internacional Liberal? La externalización de funciones coercitivas a través de contratación subcontratación y alianzas con actores paramilitares permite a los estados proyectar poder con menores restricciones burocráticas y multilaterales, de esta forma se incentiva operaciones menos transparentes y menos sometidas a rendición de cuentas. El ensayo articula las categorías de costo político,re-privatizacion de la guerra y orden post-weberiano a fin de leer las rupturas y continuidades entre las operaciones de PMCs a principios del siglo XXI donde el “Liberal International Order” estaba en su auge y aquellas configuraciones más contemporáneas donde la legitimidad de este antiguo orden parece agrietada. La conclusión principal es que la privatización de la violencia externalizada no solo reduce costos puntuales para los gobiernos, sino también acelera una mutación de LIO hacia lógicas más realistas de poder.Downloads
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