Oseointegración, aspectos que determinan su éxito. Revisión de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22529/me.2020.5(4)07Palabras clave:
Oseointegración, implante dental, superficie, diseñoResumen
El éxito del implante dental depende en gran medida de las características químicas, físicas, mecánicas y topográficas de su superficie; ya que determinan la actividad de las células que se adhieren a la superficie del implante. Por lo tanto, la humectabilidad, geometría, topografía, rugosidad, energía superficial, nanoestructuras y el recubrimiento con materiales bioactivos tienen un impacto sustancial en el éxito y calidad del proceso de oseointegración.Metodología: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura mediante la base de datos de MedLine con el motor de búsqueda Pubmed. Se seleccionaron, una vez aplicados los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, un total de 69 artículos.Resultados: La combinación de estas propiedades determinan la calidad y grado de oseointegración. Valores moderados de hidrofilia (30?-60?) y rugosidad (Sa=1-2?m) favorecen la oseointegración, pero aún se desconocen los mecanismos biológicos subyacentes. La investigación actual sigue los enfoques biomiméticos: imitar la configuración 3D de la superficie ósea.Referencias
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