Evaluación de la calidad de vida en niños escolares con antecedentes de desnutrición temprana severa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22529/Resumen
El presente trabajo evaluó calidad de vida relacionada a la salud (CVRS) en escolares que han sobrevivido a desnutrición severa padecida antes de los 2 años de vida. Material y método. Estudio descriptivo, correlacional, de casos y controles, anidado. La evaluación se efectuó en 53 niños entre 5 y 12 años, de 25 familias; 25 casos con antecedentes de desnutrición severa temprana y 28 controles. Se indagaron antecedentes sociodemográficos. La calidad de vida se valoró con el formulario de calidad de vida pediátrico PedsQL4.0TM. Para analizar diferencias de proporciones se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado y en la diferencia de medias, ANOVA. La relación entre variables fue explorada a partir de análisis multivariado con nivel de significación de p < 0,05. Resultados. Los casos fueron 16 mujeres y 9 varones y controles 16 mujeres y 12 varones. En las categorías de NSE la mayoría de las familias estuvieron en el Estrato III (Muy bajo): 20/25 (80%) y 76% de familias tenían creencias religiosas. La escolaridad materna fue principalmente primaria completa (84%). La escolaridad debajo del nivel apropiado para la edad se observó en 5/25 casos (20%) y 7/28 controles (28%). La media de puntaje z de peso actual en los casos fue de -1,36 y de -0,49 en los controles. La media z de talla actual fue en los casos -1,44 y controles -1,33. El puntaje total observado de PedsQL TM fue significativamente menor en los casos. Se observó una media de 80,82 ± 1,94 puntos para casos y 89,18 ±1,84 puntos para controles (p<0,01). El puntaje en dimensión física de PedsQL TM fue significativamente menor en casos que en controles (media de 87,75 ± 3,37 para casos y 94,75 ±1,87 para controles) p< 0,05. Los pacientes con antecedentes de desnutrición mostraron puntaje total más bajo en salud psicosocial que sus controles sanos: media 77,77 ± 2,90 y 86,57 ±1,42 puntos para casos y controles respectivamente (p< 0,05). La dimensión emocional mostró puntaje significativamente menor en los casos comparado con los controles con una media de 67,80 ±4,40 y 78,75 ±2,96 puntos respectivamente (p<0,05). Los pacientes con antecedentes de desnutrición mostraron puntajes significativamente menores que sus controles sanos en dimensión social; las medias de puntuación fueron de 88,80 ±3,05 y 95,71 ±1,52 puntos respectivamente (p<0,05). Los pacientes con antecedentes de desnutrición mostraron puntajes significativamente menores que sus controles en dimensión escolar; las medias fueron 74,58 ± 3,80 y 85,00 ±3,51 puntos para casos y controles respectivamente (p< 0,05).Descargas
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