La política del significado: discursos sociales sobre el abuso sexual de niños y su influencia en la iglesia católica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22529/p.2019.5.08Palabras clave:
abuso sexual infantil, iglesia católica, discursos sociales, enfoque de víctimas primeroResumen
The Politics of Meaning: Societal Discourses on the Sexual Abuse of Children and Their Influence on the Catholic ChurchNota: Traducción del inglés al español a cargo de Diego Fonti. Texto original: Karlijn Demasure (2019). The Politics of Meaning. Societal Discourses on Sexual Abuse of Children and their Influence on the Catholic Church. In Vähäkangas A., Angel S., Helboe Johansen K., (eds.), The Politics of Space and Body. Reforming Practical Theology, International Academy of Practical Theology Conference Series (IAPT.CS), 1, 20-28. Disponible en https://doi.org/10.25785/ iapt.cs.v1i0.49ResumenEste artículo sobre el abuso sexual de niños contribuye a comprender el cambio del enfoque de los perpetradores que niega la voz de las víctimas, incluso al punto de considerar a las víctimas como delincuentes sexuales responsables por su abuso, a un enfoque de la víctimas primero. La iglesia católica ha sido fuertemente influida por los principales discursos en la sociedad que dan poder a los psiquiatras, terapeutas y trabajadores sociales. Sin embargo, con respecto al abuso clerical en la iglesia, se pueden identificar dos discursos distintos. En el primero, el pecado se considera causa del abuso, reduciéndolo a una cuestión de la voluntad. El segundo discurso considera que el abuso sexual infantil se debe al contexto de decadencia moral. Es importante por ello superarlos con una visión sistémica del tema.AbstractThis paper on child sexual abuse contributes to an understanding of the shift from a focus on perpetrators that denies the voice of the victims, even holding the victims to be sexual delinquents responsible for their abuse, to a victims first approach. The Catholic Church has been heavily influenced by the major discourses in society that give power to psychiatrists, therapists and social workers. However, with regard to clerical sexual abuse in the Church, two distinct discourses can be identified. In the first, sin is considered a cause for abuse, reducing it to a matter of the will. The second discourse considers child sexual abuse due to a context of moral decay. Both discourses need to be overcome by means of a sistemic view of the issue. Key words: Child Sexual Abuse, Catholic Church, Societal Discourses, Victims First Approach.Referencias
ANGELIDES, S. (2004). Feminism, Child Sexual Abuse and the Erasure of Child Sexuality, GLQ, A Journal of Lesbian and Gay Studies, 10 (2), 141177.
ANGELIDES, S. (2005). The Emergence of the Pedophile in the Late Twentieth Century. Australian Historical Studies, 36 (126), 272295.
BAARS, C. y TERRUWE, A. (1970). The Role of the Church in the Causation, Treatment and Prevention of the Crisis in the Priesthood. Disponible en http://www.awrsipe.com Docs_and_Controversy/197111-Conrad%20Baars%20 Paper.pdf. 120.
BECKETT, K. (1996). Culture and the Politics of Signification : the Case of Child Sexual Abuse, Social Problems, 43 (1), 5776.
BENEDICT XVI. (2010). Summary of the Popes Pastoral Letter to the Catholics of Ireland. Disponible en http://www.vatican.va/ressources/resources_sintesi-lettera-irlanda-2010_en.html.
BERNARD, P. (1886). Des attentats à la pudeur sur les petites filles. Paris: O.Doin.
BORGMAN, E. (2011). Verlossing in nauwe verbondenheid met kwaad. Theologische reflecties over een kerk waarin minderjarigen seksueel worden misbruikt, en Grensoverschrijdingen geduid. Over seksueel misbruik in katholieke instellingen, editado por Erik Borgman en Rik Torfs, 1333. Nijmegen: Valkhoff Pers.
BRIDGERS, L. (2001). The Resurrected Life: Toward a Theology of Liberation for the TRAUMATIZED. Journal of Religion and Abuse, 3 (34), 6180.
BROCK, R., NAKASHIMA y PARKER, R. (2001). Proverbs of Ashes : Violence, Redemptive Suffering, and the Search for what Saves us. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press.
BRONGERSMA, E. (1984). Aggression against pedophiles. International Law and Psychiatry, 7, 7987.
BROUARDEL, P. (1909). Les attentats aux moeurs,, en Cours de médecine légale de la faculté de médecine de Paris. Paris: Baillère.
BURR, V. (1995). Social Constructionism. London-New York: Routledge.
CONTE, J. R. (1994). Child Sexual Abuse: Awareness and Backlash. The Future of Children 4 (2), 224232.
COULTER, L. (2001). A Pastoral Theology for the Sinned Against: Adult Christian Women Sexually Abused as Children. American Journal of Pastoral Counseling 3 (34), 187205.
DEMASURE, K. y MAISHA, B. (2015). Labus sexuel des enfants: Péché ou pathologie? Une réflexion interdisciplinaire sur la question. Studia Canonica 49 (12), 139160.
DEMASURE, K., JOULAIN, S. y PHILLIPS, K. (2016). Perspectives and Challenges in Pastoral Care for Child Sex Offenders. Counselling and Spirituality 35 (2).
DOYLE, T. (2006). Clericalism, Enabler of Clergy Sexual Abuse, Pastoral psychology, 54 (3):189213.
DOYLE, T. (2010). A Short History of the Manual. Disponible en http://www.awrsipe.com/Doyle/pdf_files/Manual-History%20%2010122010.pdf. 121.
DUNN, J. L. (2010). Vocabularies of Victimization: Toward Explaining the Deviant Victim. Deviant Behavior ,31, 159183.
FLAHERTY, S. M. (1992). Woman, Why Do You Weep? Spirituality for Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Mahwah-New Yersey : Paulist Press.
FMFS. (2013). Early History of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation. Disponible en http://www.fmsfonline.org/?about=Early-History
FREEDMAN, E. B. (1987). Uncontrolled Desires: The Response to the Sexual Psychopath, 19201960. The Journal of American History ,74 (1), 83106.
FREUD, S. (1910). Three Contributions to Sexual Theory. New York: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company. Disponible en http://www.bartleby.com/278/1.html.
GEARY, B. (2011). A strip of white with the might of an Empire behind it. Contributions of the Catholic Hierarchal System to Sexual Abuse of Children. En Brendan Geary y Joanne Marie Greer (eds.), The Dark Night of the Catholic Church. Examining the Child Sexual Abuse Scandal (pp.71108). Buxhall, Stowmarket, Suffolk: Kevin Mayhew.
GEARY, B. (2010). Resurrection Themes in the Care of Sex Offenders. Practical Theology, 3 (1), 922.
GEARY, B., CIARROCCHI, J. W., y SCHEERS, N.J. (2006). Sex Offenders, Spirituality, and Recovery. Counselling and Spirituality, 25 (1), 4771.
GERGEN, K. J. (1999). An Invitation to Social Construction. London-Thousand Oaks-New Dehli: Sage Publications.
GHIJS, L., P., COHEN-KETTENIS, y VANDERSCHOOT, P. (1994). Psychologische en biologische theorieën over para-filieën. Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie, 18, 332.
GORDON, L. (2002). Heroes of their Own Lives The Politics and History of Family Violence. Urbana-Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
GRONDIN, A.-M. (2011). Thinking outside Specious Boxes: Constructionist and Post-structuralist Readings of Child Sexual Abuse. Sex Education, 11 (3), 243254.
HALL, S. (2001). Foucault: Power, Knowledge and Discourse. En Margareth Wetherell, Stephanie Taylor, Simeon J. Yates (eds.), Discourse Theory and Practice: A Reader. London: Sage.
JENKINS, P. (1996). Pedophiles and Priests, Anatomy of a Contemporary Crisis, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
JONES, T. (2015). Sin, Silence and States of Denial: Canon Law and the Discovery of Child Sexual Abuse. Australian Feminist Law Journal, 41 (2), 237252.
KEENAN, M. (2012). Child Sexual Abuse & the Catholic Church. Gender, Power and Organizational Structure. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
KEMPE, C. H., SILVERMAN, F. N., STEELE, BRANDT F., DROEGEMULLER, W. y SILVER, H. K. (1962). The Battered Child Syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1724.
KENNEDY, E. (1972). The Catholic Priest in the United States: Psychological Investigations. Washington, DC: U.S. Catholic Conference.
KINSEY, A. C., POMEROY ,WARDELL B., y MARTIN, CLYDE E. (1948). Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Reedición 1998. Indiana University Press.
KINSEY, A., POMEROY, WARDELL B., MARTIN, C. E., y GEBHARD, P. H. (1953). Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Reedición 1998. Indiana University Press.
MCALINDEN, A.-M. (2014). Deconstructing victim and Offender Identities in Discourses of Child Sexual Abuse. Hierarchies, Blame and the Good/Evil Dialectic. British Journal of Criminology, 54, 180198.
MILLER, S. (1990). Foucault on Discourse and Power. Theoria, 76,115125.
MOUSSA, M. y SCAPP, R. (1996). The Practical Theorizing of Michel Foucault: Politics and Couter-Discourse. Cultural Critique, 33, 87112.
NADEAU, J.-G., GOLDING, C., y ROCHON, C. (2012). Autrement que victimes. Dieu enfer et résistance chez les victimes dabus sexuels. Montréal, Novalis.
OLAFSON, E., CORWIN, D. L., y SUMMIT, R. (1993). Modern History of Child Sexual Abuse Awareness: Cycles of Discovery and Suppression. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 724.
PAIS, J. (1991). Suffer the Children. A Theology of Liberation by a Victim of Child Abuse. New York/Mahwah : Paulist Press.
PRAGER, I. (1982). Sexual Psychopathy and Child Molesters: The Experiment Fails. Journal of Juvenile Law, 6, 48.
Schusdek, Alexander. (1996). Freuds Seduction Theory: A Reconstruction. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 159166.
SCOTT, D. (1995). The Social Construction of Child Sexual Abuse : Debates about Definitions, and the Politics of Prevalence. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 2 (2), 117126.
SCOTT, S. (2001). Surviving Selves. Feminism and Contemporary Discourses of Child Sexual Abuse. Feminist Theory, 2 (3), 349369.
Seasoltz, Kevin. (2010). Clericalism: A Sickness in the Church. The Furrow, 61 (3), 135142.
SMART, C. (1999). A History of Ambivalence and Conflict in the Discursive Construction of the Child Victim of Sexual Abuse. Social and Legal Studies, 8 (3), 391409.
TARDIEU, A. (1867). Etude médico-légale sur les attentats aux moeurs. Paris: J.B. Ballière.
TERRY, K. (2015). Child Sexual Abuse within the Catholic Church: a Review of Global Perspectives. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 39 (2), 139154.
VAN NAERSSEN, L. (1989). Pedofilie, een controverse in de seksuologie. Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie, 13, 95100.
VON KRAFFT-EBING, R. (1884). Psychopathia Sexualis. Eine Klinisch-Forensische Studie. Stuttgart: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke.
WALLER, P. (1991). The Politics of Child Abuse, Society 28 (6): 613.
WEISS, J., ROGERS, E., DARWIN, M. R., y DUTTON, C. E. (1955). A Study of Girl Sex Victims. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 29/14, 127.
WEISBERG, D. (1984). The Discovery of Sexual Abuse: Experts Role in Legal Policy Formulation. 18 U.C. Davis Law Rev., 1 (58), 157.
WHITTIER, N. (2009). The Politics of Child Sexual Abuse. Emotion, Social Movements and the State. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
WHO (2006). Preventing Child Maltreatment: a Guide to Taking Action and Generating Evidence. Disponible en http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241594365_eng.pdf
ANGELIDES, S. (2005). The Emergence of the Pedophile in the Late Twentieth Century. Australian Historical Studies, 36 (126), 272295.
BAARS, C. y TERRUWE, A. (1970). The Role of the Church in the Causation, Treatment and Prevention of the Crisis in the Priesthood. Disponible en http://www.awrsipe.com Docs_and_Controversy/197111-Conrad%20Baars%20 Paper.pdf. 120.
BECKETT, K. (1996). Culture and the Politics of Signification : the Case of Child Sexual Abuse, Social Problems, 43 (1), 5776.
BENEDICT XVI. (2010). Summary of the Popes Pastoral Letter to the Catholics of Ireland. Disponible en http://www.vatican.va/ressources/resources_sintesi-lettera-irlanda-2010_en.html.
BERNARD, P. (1886). Des attentats à la pudeur sur les petites filles. Paris: O.Doin.
BORGMAN, E. (2011). Verlossing in nauwe verbondenheid met kwaad. Theologische reflecties over een kerk waarin minderjarigen seksueel worden misbruikt, en Grensoverschrijdingen geduid. Over seksueel misbruik in katholieke instellingen, editado por Erik Borgman en Rik Torfs, 1333. Nijmegen: Valkhoff Pers.
BRIDGERS, L. (2001). The Resurrected Life: Toward a Theology of Liberation for the TRAUMATIZED. Journal of Religion and Abuse, 3 (34), 6180.
BROCK, R., NAKASHIMA y PARKER, R. (2001). Proverbs of Ashes : Violence, Redemptive Suffering, and the Search for what Saves us. Boston, Massachusetts: Beacon Press.
BRONGERSMA, E. (1984). Aggression against pedophiles. International Law and Psychiatry, 7, 7987.
BROUARDEL, P. (1909). Les attentats aux moeurs,, en Cours de médecine légale de la faculté de médecine de Paris. Paris: Baillère.
BURR, V. (1995). Social Constructionism. London-New York: Routledge.
CONTE, J. R. (1994). Child Sexual Abuse: Awareness and Backlash. The Future of Children 4 (2), 224232.
COULTER, L. (2001). A Pastoral Theology for the Sinned Against: Adult Christian Women Sexually Abused as Children. American Journal of Pastoral Counseling 3 (34), 187205.
DEMASURE, K. y MAISHA, B. (2015). Labus sexuel des enfants: Péché ou pathologie? Une réflexion interdisciplinaire sur la question. Studia Canonica 49 (12), 139160.
DEMASURE, K., JOULAIN, S. y PHILLIPS, K. (2016). Perspectives and Challenges in Pastoral Care for Child Sex Offenders. Counselling and Spirituality 35 (2).
DOYLE, T. (2006). Clericalism, Enabler of Clergy Sexual Abuse, Pastoral psychology, 54 (3):189213.
DOYLE, T. (2010). A Short History of the Manual. Disponible en http://www.awrsipe.com/Doyle/pdf_files/Manual-History%20%2010122010.pdf. 121.
DUNN, J. L. (2010). Vocabularies of Victimization: Toward Explaining the Deviant Victim. Deviant Behavior ,31, 159183.
FLAHERTY, S. M. (1992). Woman, Why Do You Weep? Spirituality for Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Mahwah-New Yersey : Paulist Press.
FMFS. (2013). Early History of the False Memory Syndrome Foundation. Disponible en http://www.fmsfonline.org/?about=Early-History
FREEDMAN, E. B. (1987). Uncontrolled Desires: The Response to the Sexual Psychopath, 19201960. The Journal of American History ,74 (1), 83106.
FREUD, S. (1910). Three Contributions to Sexual Theory. New York: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company. Disponible en http://www.bartleby.com/278/1.html.
GEARY, B. (2011). A strip of white with the might of an Empire behind it. Contributions of the Catholic Hierarchal System to Sexual Abuse of Children. En Brendan Geary y Joanne Marie Greer (eds.), The Dark Night of the Catholic Church. Examining the Child Sexual Abuse Scandal (pp.71108). Buxhall, Stowmarket, Suffolk: Kevin Mayhew.
GEARY, B. (2010). Resurrection Themes in the Care of Sex Offenders. Practical Theology, 3 (1), 922.
GEARY, B., CIARROCCHI, J. W., y SCHEERS, N.J. (2006). Sex Offenders, Spirituality, and Recovery. Counselling and Spirituality, 25 (1), 4771.
GERGEN, K. J. (1999). An Invitation to Social Construction. London-Thousand Oaks-New Dehli: Sage Publications.
GHIJS, L., P., COHEN-KETTENIS, y VANDERSCHOOT, P. (1994). Psychologische en biologische theorieën over para-filieën. Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie, 18, 332.
GORDON, L. (2002). Heroes of their Own Lives The Politics and History of Family Violence. Urbana-Chicago: University of Illinois Press.
GRONDIN, A.-M. (2011). Thinking outside Specious Boxes: Constructionist and Post-structuralist Readings of Child Sexual Abuse. Sex Education, 11 (3), 243254.
HALL, S. (2001). Foucault: Power, Knowledge and Discourse. En Margareth Wetherell, Stephanie Taylor, Simeon J. Yates (eds.), Discourse Theory and Practice: A Reader. London: Sage.
JENKINS, P. (1996). Pedophiles and Priests, Anatomy of a Contemporary Crisis, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
JONES, T. (2015). Sin, Silence and States of Denial: Canon Law and the Discovery of Child Sexual Abuse. Australian Feminist Law Journal, 41 (2), 237252.
KEENAN, M. (2012). Child Sexual Abuse & the Catholic Church. Gender, Power and Organizational Structure. Oxford-New York: Oxford University Press.
KEMPE, C. H., SILVERMAN, F. N., STEELE, BRANDT F., DROEGEMULLER, W. y SILVER, H. K. (1962). The Battered Child Syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Association, 1724.
KENNEDY, E. (1972). The Catholic Priest in the United States: Psychological Investigations. Washington, DC: U.S. Catholic Conference.
KINSEY, A. C., POMEROY ,WARDELL B., y MARTIN, CLYDE E. (1948). Sexual Behavior in the Human Male. Reedición 1998. Indiana University Press.
KINSEY, A., POMEROY, WARDELL B., MARTIN, C. E., y GEBHARD, P. H. (1953). Sexual Behavior in the Human Female. Reedición 1998. Indiana University Press.
MCALINDEN, A.-M. (2014). Deconstructing victim and Offender Identities in Discourses of Child Sexual Abuse. Hierarchies, Blame and the Good/Evil Dialectic. British Journal of Criminology, 54, 180198.
MILLER, S. (1990). Foucault on Discourse and Power. Theoria, 76,115125.
MOUSSA, M. y SCAPP, R. (1996). The Practical Theorizing of Michel Foucault: Politics and Couter-Discourse. Cultural Critique, 33, 87112.
NADEAU, J.-G., GOLDING, C., y ROCHON, C. (2012). Autrement que victimes. Dieu enfer et résistance chez les victimes dabus sexuels. Montréal, Novalis.
OLAFSON, E., CORWIN, D. L., y SUMMIT, R. (1993). Modern History of Child Sexual Abuse Awareness: Cycles of Discovery and Suppression. Child Abuse and Neglect, 17, 724.
PAIS, J. (1991). Suffer the Children. A Theology of Liberation by a Victim of Child Abuse. New York/Mahwah : Paulist Press.
PRAGER, I. (1982). Sexual Psychopathy and Child Molesters: The Experiment Fails. Journal of Juvenile Law, 6, 48.
Schusdek, Alexander. (1996). Freuds Seduction Theory: A Reconstruction. Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 159166.
SCOTT, D. (1995). The Social Construction of Child Sexual Abuse : Debates about Definitions, and the Politics of Prevalence. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 2 (2), 117126.
SCOTT, S. (2001). Surviving Selves. Feminism and Contemporary Discourses of Child Sexual Abuse. Feminist Theory, 2 (3), 349369.
Seasoltz, Kevin. (2010). Clericalism: A Sickness in the Church. The Furrow, 61 (3), 135142.
SMART, C. (1999). A History of Ambivalence and Conflict in the Discursive Construction of the Child Victim of Sexual Abuse. Social and Legal Studies, 8 (3), 391409.
TARDIEU, A. (1867). Etude médico-légale sur les attentats aux moeurs. Paris: J.B. Ballière.
TERRY, K. (2015). Child Sexual Abuse within the Catholic Church: a Review of Global Perspectives. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 39 (2), 139154.
VAN NAERSSEN, L. (1989). Pedofilie, een controverse in de seksuologie. Tijdschrift voor Seksuologie, 13, 95100.
VON KRAFFT-EBING, R. (1884). Psychopathia Sexualis. Eine Klinisch-Forensische Studie. Stuttgart: Verlag von Ferdinand Enke.
WALLER, P. (1991). The Politics of Child Abuse, Society 28 (6): 613.
WEISS, J., ROGERS, E., DARWIN, M. R., y DUTTON, C. E. (1955). A Study of Girl Sex Victims. The Psychiatric Quarterly, 29/14, 127.
WEISBERG, D. (1984). The Discovery of Sexual Abuse: Experts Role in Legal Policy Formulation. 18 U.C. Davis Law Rev., 1 (58), 157.
WHITTIER, N. (2009). The Politics of Child Sexual Abuse. Emotion, Social Movements and the State. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
WHO (2006). Preventing Child Maltreatment: a Guide to Taking Action and Generating Evidence. Disponible en http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241594365_eng.pdf
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2019-09-12
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El vuelo del Pelícano
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La política del significado: discursos sociales sobre el abuso sexual de niños y su influencia en la iglesia católica. (2019). Pelícano, 5, 114-132. https://doi.org/10.22529/p.2019.5.08
